In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. Thermal plant needs one month of maintenance each year. The position of the generator must be near an intake. Hydro power plant construction working and history of. To generate the power it utilizes the earths water cycle to generate electricity. The dam is a massive wall that blocks the flow of the river, therefore, a lot of water collects behind the dam.
Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. Lecture notes for the proposed engineering diploma level elective course for. Contents low, medium and high head plants, power house components, hydel schemes. Hydroelectric power plants are generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built easily and large water reservoirs can be made. Nov 06, 2012 hydroelectric power plants mechanical design free download. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. It converts the kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity. Chapter 5 main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power. Wind, solar, fuel cell, tidal, geothermal, hydroelectric, thermalsteam, diesel, gas, nuclear power plants block diagram approach only. At the end of its passage down the pipes, the falling water causes turbines to rotate. The koyna hydroelectric project is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in india. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world.
The potential power that can be derived from a volume of water is directly proportional to the working head, so that a highhead installation requires a smaller volume of. Shows all parts of hydroelectric power plant use only for understanding 1. The first modern hydroelectric power plant went into operation in 1882 on the fox river in appleton, wisconsin. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical form and fed into the national grid system. Advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power. Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. Introduction to power plants run of the river in some areas of the world, the flow rate and elevation drops of the water are consistent enough that hydroelectric plants can be built directly in the river.
This energy is renewable because it is ultimately derived form. The potential energy stored in the water at upper water level will release as kinetic energy when it falls to the lower water level. Hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro. The total area behind the dam in which water is collected and streamflow is obtained is known as the catchment area reservoir. Hydroelectric power plants in india home indian power. Thermal plants needs a few hours for their startup. The potential energy of the stored water is converted into kinetic energy by first passing it through the penstock pipe. Three main types of highhead power developments may be discerned. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. Hydroelectric power plant governor test naturally falling water rotates turbines generators and generates electricity in dams. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity.
Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants initial cost of a hydroelectric plant is normally higher than that of a thermal plant producing almost the same amount of power. Total power from hydropower including both static pe and dynamic ke contribution basic operating equations for hydropower 29 power zq inwatts zq in. Introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants shpp. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects. Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power. Simple project on hydroelectric power station with turbine. Hydroelectricity is produced by utilizing the gravitational force of falling water.
The maintenance and repair costs of a thermal plant are much higher than for a hydroelectric plant. Read to know more about the list of hydroelectric power plants in india. Thanks to the efficiency of energy production hydroelectric plants generate extremely cheap electricity. Introduction to hydropower hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is basically electrical energy that has been generated using natural forces such as gravity or flowing water. In a hydro power plant, water head is created by building a dam across a river or lake. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high. In the field of hydroelectric development, work and energy output of a power plant are expressed generally in kilowatthours kwh. Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic.
Water is led to the turbine with a water conduit iron pipe. The turbines in turn drive generators, which convert the turbines. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of. Hydroelectric powerplants are the most efficient means of producing electric energy. An introduction to hydropower concepts and planning. This could be achieved by damming the water to establish the necessary head and to build up pressure. Its usually produced by dams, because dams can store and direct large volumes of water. A typical plant will pay for its own construction in 58 years, after that producing what amounts to free energy, and since a hydroelectric plant can be expected to operate for anything up to 100 years a single plant could generate enough revenue to. Encyclopedia of physical science and technology third edition, academic press, new york, 2003, pages 489504. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of the total electricity generation in the world. The pressure tunnel length is l 10 km with a crosssectional area of f 10 m2 and steady flow velocity v0 2 msec at a hydroelectric power plant.
Hydroelectric power plant hydroelectricity power station. In the generation of hydroelectric power, water is collected or stored at a higher elevation and led downward through large pipes or tunnels penstocks to a lower elevation. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Introduction the primary purpose of a governor for a hydroelectric unit is to control the speed and loading of the unit. Jan 12, 2018 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
Cylindrical surge tank crosssectional area is f 100 m2. Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. The forebay provided at the beginning of penstock serves as a water reservoir for such power plants. Energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants classification specific speed expressed as 1254 source. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other forms of energy generation, and hydroelectric generators respond quickly to changing system conditions. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants. The water passes through the plant without greatly changing the flow rate of the river. Nuclear power is a much newer technology, with the first electricity generated by a nuclear reactor near arco, idaho, and the first plant coming online in 1954, in obninsk, russia.
It is the largest electric power producing facility in the united states, and the largest concrete structure in the u. The cost of generation of ener gy after four decades. It is the technique of using dam water falling from a height to turn the turbines of a generator. This dam is placed on a source of water, preferably a river. Power total hydrualic head volumetric flowrate efficiency power gz v q. This document describes the operation of mechanical governors and provides detailed procedures for adjusting and maintaining the most common mechanical governors found in reclamation powerplants. Dec 30, 2018 hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro power plant december 30, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u in hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is one of the most established and broadly utilized renewable sources of energy. While some power losses are inevitable as water power gets converted to electricity, they can be minimized with good design. Hydroelectric power plant diagram, working, advantages.
It is possible to change the rotation speed by adjusting the amount of water with a regulating valve guide vane. From the forebay the water is led to the turbines through penstocks. To understand how a hydroelectric governor operates, a basic understanding of governor. The three gorges dam in central china is the worlds largest powerproducing facility of any kind. This turbine rotates when the following water strikes the turbine blades. Hydroelectric power plant definition, working diagram. A micro sized plant is one that generates less than 100 kw of electricity and would typically be used to power 12 houses. Introduction, selection of location of hydropower plant, elements of hydropower plant, low head power. Pumped up to a storage reservoir and returned to lower elevation for power generation. Hydroelectric power plants are categorized according to size.
Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. May 29, 2007 it is the largest electric power producing facility in the united states, and the largest concrete structure in the u. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other. Hydroelectric power hydroelectric systems tutorialspoint. Hydroelectric power plant hydel plant utilizes the potential energy of water stored in a dam built across the river. The following diagram shows an outline of a hydroelectric power station. Mar 21, 2020 hydroelectric power plants are usually located in dams that impound rivers, thereby raising the level of the water behind the dam and creating as high a head as is feasible. Hydroelectric power generation is one of many ways in which electricity can be generated. Subject terms mechanical governors, hydroelectric generators 15. Hydroelectric power plant free download as powerpoint presentation. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur.
The article includes definition, working principle, diagram, advantages, disadvantages, application, pdf of hydro power plant. There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article. Some of the power will be lost through friction at every point of conversion. Home electrical machines alternator simple project on hydroelectric power station with turbine. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants hydroelectric plants put in operation in only a few minutes. The main elements of a hydroelectric power plant are as follows. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. Hydroelectric plant power station structure and control. It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed by the sun. It accomplishes this by controlling the flow of water through the turbine. Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1.
In these power plants, the river water is usually tapped off to a forebay on one bank of the river as in case of a low head plant. The following are the major components of a micro hydroelectric power plant. It was the first largescale, cascadetype development in the country and utilizes the bhavani river catchment area in the nilgiris mountains. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Hydro electric power is cheaper as compared with a fuel burning plant. Energy source fact sheet a hydroelectric power plant uses a renewable source of energy that does not pollute the environment. Encyclopedia of physical science and technology third edition, academic press. Module iiihydroelectric power prepared by bibhabasu mohanty dept. In 2009, the three most heavily used sources for generating electricity were coal, natural gas and oil. Bratsk hydroelectric plant bratsk hydroelectric plant named 50 years of great october is a the second level of the angara river hydroelectric stations cascade in irkutsk oblast, russia. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into. In case of instantaneous closure, compute the maximum surge height and the period of the oscillation assuming the ideal fluid frictionless.
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